"We asked Qwen 2.5 the CRT questions in two ways. In the ‘direct response’ condition, we provided two prompts as user input to a new instance of Qwen 2.5. The first prompt instructed Qwen 2.5 to “Answer the question with just a number without any further information” (in English, for all languages, see SI, Table S3). The second prompt consisted of each of the CRT questions. In the ‘response after verbalisation’ condition, we first provided the question without additional information and recorded the response (usually including an analytical explanation). Then, we provided three prompts to a new Qwen 2.5 instance: each CRT question as user input, Qwen 2.5's answer as system input, and the instruction to “Answer the question with just a number without any further information” (in English, for all languages, see SI, Table S3) as user input. See the Data Availability section for the instruction prompts in four languages. Each question was administered to 100 independent instances."