Je suis à la recherche d'un•e universitaire spécialiste de la philosophie des Lumières, qui l'étudierait dans une perspective critique.
En allant sur https://expertes.fr j'ai déjà relevé le nom de Johanna Lenne-Cornuez. Qui d'autre me suggérez-vous?
#Histodon
Je suis à la recherche d'un•e universitaire spécialiste de la philosophie des Lumières, qui l'étudierait dans une perspective critique.
En allant sur https://expertes.fr j'ai déjà relevé le nom de Johanna Lenne-Cornuez. Qui d'autre me suggérez-vous?
#Histodon
The Misunderstood #RomanEmpress Who Willed Her Way to the Top
A fresh view of #GallaPlacidia, who married a barbarian and ruled when the world power fell into chaos
by Romy Blümel, January/February 2023
Excerpt: "It was around midnight that the cataclysm began. #Placidia would have heard distant sounds of Gothic horns and growing pandemonium around the Salarian Gate in the city’s northwest; not long afterward, flames could be seen rising from the nearby Gardens of Sallust.
"The Goths had breached the walls. The British-born monk Pelagius, who was also trapped in Rome that same night, used language that echoed the biblical vision of Judgment Day to convey the horror of the moment: 'Rome, the mistress of the world, shivered, crushed with fear, at the sound of the blaring trumpets and the howling of the Goths.'
"St. Jerome, when he heard the dreadful news from Roman refugees, captured the sense of shock: 'It is the end of the world!' he wrote. 'Words fail me; sobs prevent me from speaking. The city that once subjugated the world has been subjugated in its turn!'
"For Romans, it was the beginning of the end. But for Placidia, it was just one more twist in an astonishing life saga that could have inspired a subplot of 'Game of Thrones.' After the sack, the pampered and beautiful princess would be taken from her gilded palace as a prisoner of the Visigoths. Four years later, Placidia shocked Romans by marrying one of her captors. Then, by age 26, she was back in Italy, re-inventing herself to rule as the last empress of the Western Roman Empire.
"And yet, she has been treated mercilessly by historians, who have either vilified or ignored her for most of the last 1,500 years. This has left her today all but forgotten, even though the final decades of the Western world’s most enduring empire cannot be understood without her.
#Cleopatra, Joan of Arc, Catherine the Great — to the roster of history’s unfairly maligned women leaders must be added the name of #GallaPlacidiaAugusta.
Although her name in Latin means
'placidity' or 'peace,' Placidia’s life was anything but; she experienced more adventures than Marie Antoinette and Amelia Earhart combined. Perhaps no other figure, male or female, enjoyed such an intimate view of the Western Roman Empire’s operatic death throes or influenced events for such a prolonged period. But the attacks on her reputation began not long after her death, with authors like Cassiodorus denouncing her rule as the nadir of Rome’s fortunes. Only in recent years have scholars gone back to read the contemporary sources with more objectivity, revealing Placidia as a far more sympathetic figure, a strong-willed leader with radical ideas on how to save the crumbling empire.
"It’s part of a general reassessment of her era, known as late antiquity, once dismissed as a gloomy saga of 'decline and fall' to the Middle Ages, including a fresh look at so-called #barbarians, who were far more sophisticated than Romans alleged.
" 'Placidia had an amazingly adventurous life,' explained Paola Novara, a scholar at the National Museum of Ravenna, who has written about Placidia’s legacy, including her influence on art and architecture throughout Europe. 'She was a hostage for years. She was married twice, to a Gothic king, then to Rome’s most powerful general. She had one child who died, another who became emperor. She must have been a very strong and powerful character. But there has long been a negative image of Placidia,' she continued. 'She was not a bad sovereign. She was brave and capable. In fact, Placidia was the last significant ruler of the Western Roman Empire. She managed it for 25 years!' "
Read more:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/misunderstood-roman-empress-willed-way-to-top-180981294/
Archived version:
https://archive.ph/JPuze
#WomenRulers #RomanWomen #RomanHistory #FallOfRome #History #Histodon
This is a very good read -- which points out that Ancient Egypt was #African, but often gets lumped into #Mediterranean history (guilty of that myself). And yes, I wondered about Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep as well... Also, there are "love spells" in Egyptian magic whose purpose was for a woman to attract another woman.
themstory: #AncientEgypt Was Totally Queer
By Hugh Ryan
February 22, 2018
"In 1964, archaeologists in Egypt opened the tomb of #Niankhkhnum and #Khnumhotep, two men who lived and died sometime around the year #2380BCE. Inside, they would discover what might be the oldest evidence of queer lives in existence.
"In the tomb, the two were depicted in many of the stereotypical ways that heterosexual couples were shown in Egyptian funereal art: kissing nose-to-nose, holding hands, and standing very closely together, almost in an embrace. Their wives (and children) are also depicted in the tombs, though curiously, there are no paintings of either man embracing or kissing their wife.
"If a man and a woman were depicted in this way, they would obviously be interpreted as a couple. And so, faced with all this evidence, archaeologists leapt to the conclusion that Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep were... brothers — really, really close brothers. Possibly even conjoined twins (not that they are depicted as conjoined in the tomb at all — in fact, they are often depicted separately).
" #JacklynLacey, who specializes in #AfricanEthnology at the American Museum of Natural History, is unsurprised about these interpretations. I can almost hear her eyes roll over the phone as she talks about the long history within the field of #archaeology — 'a discipline that has reproduced itself through the #colonialist #WhiteMale lens,' she says — of 'explaining away things that appear queer.'
"What is definitely known about Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep? They worked as chief manicurists to the Pharaoh in the fifth dynasty of the Old Kingdom. This might sound like the set-up for a terrible gay remake of Bill & Ted’s Excellent Adventure, but at the time, grooming the Pharoah was revered labor.
"Though they weren’t themselves nobility, it is clear from their tomb that the two men were of high status. And, curiously enough, they were of equal status, being depicted in complimentary activities without either being shown as smaller, lesser, or subservient to the other.
"According to author Wael Fathi, this is far from the only allusion to queerness in Ancient Egyptian culture. For other examples, he cites the Egyptian Book of the Dead, written in 970 BCE (not to be confused with the Tibetan Book of the Dead, written sometime in the 8th century CE). Its female author writes, 'I never had sex with a woman in the temple.' Who knew so much suggestion could be packed into the phrase 'in the temple.' There are also numerous allusions to same-sex sexual activity and gender bending among the tales of Egyptian gods. And in the Book of Dreams (circa 1200 BCE), different fates are laid out for the woman who has sex with a married woman versus the one who has sex with a single woman.
"Still and all, it would be historically inaccurate to talk about 'gay Ancient Egyptians,' Lacey hastens to clarify, for two reasons. First, we’re dealing with small amounts of evidence, which makes it hard to interpret what, exactly, we’re seeing. It’s not strictly impossible that Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep could have been especially close brothers, or even twins. As for the Book of the Dead, prominent men (and occasional women) paid to have versions written out specifically for them, and some have suggested that this particular version miscopied a line meant for a man into a text for a woman. Second, even when we do correctly identify a practice — say, of women having sex with one another outside of the temple — that doesn’t mean that that physical activity is correlated with the same kind of identity we know today as lesbianism. (For this reason, I prefer to use the word queer, as a way of gesturing towards a sexual or emotional practice that was unusual — no such other tombs of two men or two women have been yet identified — and outside the bounds of heterosexuality.)
"Egyptian history is, in some ways, particularly prone to these problems of misinterpretation, because starting in the late 19th and early 20th century, 'the country is basically excised out of the continent and moved into the Levant by Westerners,' according to Lacey. Over and over again, historians and archaeologists have contrasted Egyptians with Greeks and Romans, and have seen Egyptian practices through what we know from those cultures, rather than putting them in conversation with other #AfricanEmpires — even though, for example, we know that the 25th Dynasty of Egypt (aka the #KushiteEmpire) was actually a series of five #Nubian rulers, who came from Northern #Sudan. Lacey tells me that there is a persistent rumor among scholars who study Nubia that 'there were entirely homosexual groups of men living in the kingdom of Kush,' though no one has ever isolated the source of those rumors, or proven or disproven them. Perhaps that’s because only a tiny fraction of the time, money, and effort that’s been spent on archaeology and ethnography in Egypt and the Mediterranean has ever been spent on other parts of Africa.
"In fact, when the African Peoples hall opened at the American Museum of Natural History in 1960, it was the first major permanent museum exhibition to include Egypt with the rest of Africa. To this day, Lacey points out, this is a problem in most museums. 'The Met has a Department of Africa, The Americas, and Oceania,' she says, “essentially combining four continents, but it also has a department of Egyptology.” And at the Brooklyn Museum, they have a collection of “Egyptian, Classical, and Ancient Near Eastern Art,” which mixes Egyptian, Middle Eastern, and Ancient Greek and Roman artifacts.
"Queer Egyptian history is thus caught in a double bind: it is rarely seen as queer, and rarely seen as African. Perhaps today, at a time when we are finally willing to accept an #Afrofuturist fictive African empire that has nothing to do with the West, as audiences did with the record-breaking film Black Panther this weekend, we can extend our imaginations backwards and begin to imagine a past that sees Africa as an entire continent — one in conversation with #Mediterranean cultures, but not the same as them."
Hugh Ryan is the author of the forthcoming book When Brooklyn Was Queer (St. Martin’s Press, March 2019), and co-curator of the upcoming exhibition On the (Queer) Waterfront at the Brooklyn Historical Society.
Source:
https://www.them.us/story/themstory-ancient-egypt
#AncientEgypt #LGBTQHistory
#Histodon #AncientHistory #QueerHistory #Histodon
The Misunderstood #RomanEmpress Who Willed Her Way to the Top
A fresh view of #GallaPlacidia, who married a barbarian and ruled when the world power fell into chaos
by Romy Blümel, January/February 2023
Excerpt: "It was around midnight that the cataclysm began. #Placidia would have heard distant sounds of Gothic horns and growing pandemonium around the Salarian Gate in the city’s northwest; not long afterward, flames could be seen rising from the nearby Gardens of Sallust.
"The Goths had breached the walls. The British-born monk Pelagius, who was also trapped in Rome that same night, used language that echoed the biblical vision of Judgment Day to convey the horror of the moment: 'Rome, the mistress of the world, shivered, crushed with fear, at the sound of the blaring trumpets and the howling of the Goths.'
"St. Jerome, when he heard the dreadful news from Roman refugees, captured the sense of shock: 'It is the end of the world!' he wrote. 'Words fail me; sobs prevent me from speaking. The city that once subjugated the world has been subjugated in its turn!'
"For Romans, it was the beginning of the end. But for Placidia, it was just one more twist in an astonishing life saga that could have inspired a subplot of 'Game of Thrones.' After the sack, the pampered and beautiful princess would be taken from her gilded palace as a prisoner of the Visigoths. Four years later, Placidia shocked Romans by marrying one of her captors. Then, by age 26, she was back in Italy, re-inventing herself to rule as the last empress of the Western Roman Empire.
"And yet, she has been treated mercilessly by historians, who have either vilified or ignored her for most of the last 1,500 years. This has left her today all but forgotten, even though the final decades of the Western world’s most enduring empire cannot be understood without her.
#Cleopatra, Joan of Arc, Catherine the Great — to the roster of history’s unfairly maligned women leaders must be added the name of #GallaPlacidiaAugusta.
Although her name in Latin means
'placidity' or 'peace,' Placidia’s life was anything but; she experienced more adventures than Marie Antoinette and Amelia Earhart combined. Perhaps no other figure, male or female, enjoyed such an intimate view of the Western Roman Empire’s operatic death throes or influenced events for such a prolonged period. But the attacks on her reputation began not long after her death, with authors like Cassiodorus denouncing her rule as the nadir of Rome’s fortunes. Only in recent years have scholars gone back to read the contemporary sources with more objectivity, revealing Placidia as a far more sympathetic figure, a strong-willed leader with radical ideas on how to save the crumbling empire.
"It’s part of a general reassessment of her era, known as late antiquity, once dismissed as a gloomy saga of 'decline and fall' to the Middle Ages, including a fresh look at so-called #barbarians, who were far more sophisticated than Romans alleged.
" 'Placidia had an amazingly adventurous life,' explained Paola Novara, a scholar at the National Museum of Ravenna, who has written about Placidia’s legacy, including her influence on art and architecture throughout Europe. 'She was a hostage for years. She was married twice, to a Gothic king, then to Rome’s most powerful general. She had one child who died, another who became emperor. She must have been a very strong and powerful character. But there has long been a negative image of Placidia,' she continued. 'She was not a bad sovereign. She was brave and capable. In fact, Placidia was the last significant ruler of the Western Roman Empire. She managed it for 25 years!' "
Read more:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/misunderstood-roman-empress-willed-way-to-top-180981294/
Archived version:
https://archive.ph/JPuze
#WomenRulers #RomanWomen #RomanHistory #FallOfRome #History #Histodon
Le monde va mal mais la description des banquets artistiques à Florence en 1512 donne le sourire 😊
"Rustici offrit un pâté en forme de chaudron dans lequel Ulysse plongeait son père pour lui rendre sa jeunesse : les deux personnages étaient réalisés avec deux chapons bouillis (...). Andrea del Sarto apporta un temple octogonal (...) : le pavement était un immense plat de gélatine en mosaïque de différentes couleurs ; les colonnes (...) étaient de grands saucissons dodus ; les bases et les chapiteaux étaient de parmesan, les corniches en sucre candi et l’abside en quartiers de massepain."
1/2
(suite de la citation)
"Au milieu était dressé un lutrin en veau froid avec un livre en lasagnes sur lequel les lettres et les notes étaient des grains de poivre (...)"
Extrait de la biographie de Giovan Francesco Rustici par Vasari, dans l'édition de 1568 de ses Vite, traduit par André Chastel (1981-89). Vasari raconte les banquets de la Compagnie du Chaudron et de celle de la Truelle, qui se réunissent régulièrement et dont les invités rivalisent d'invention pour les plats qu'ils apportent.
#Rustici #Sculpture #HistoireDelAlimentation #Histodon #recherche
Appel à communication : "Le Déluge et ses représentations en Europe, entre optimum climatique médiéval et petit âge glaciaire, XIe-XVIe siècles"
Propositions attendues avant le 15 décembre ; colloque début juin 2026, à Poitiers & à Saint-Savin-sur-Gatempe (😍 )
#CfP#Histoire#HistoireDelArt#Deluge#Appel#Poitiers #colloque #recherche#ESR #Histodon#HistoireDuClimat#Climat
