The best example of distilled software that comes to mind is Project #Oberon, which was distilled by Niklaus Wirth (and others) for most of Wirth's lifetime (if you count his earlier time working on Pascal and Modula as earlier steps of the distillation). https://projectoberon.net/
There are also #Forth and #Lisp, of course, but they've been distilled in many different directions by many people so there isn't a clear unifying idea. You have to get more specific. Now, Chuck Moore's evolution of Forth -> MachineForth -> ColorForth certainly counts as distillation.
#LuaLang also comes to mind. Porting the most modern Lua to the 188K TI-92+ calculator (last year) is what sold me on the idea that widely used modern software can remain useful on the oldest computers. That said, Lua is not entirely immune to bloat: I had to roll back from v5.4 to v5.2 to cut my memory usage from ~170K to ~128K 馃槈