Today in Labor History January 18, 1943: The start of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. In the summer of 1942, over a quarter million Jews were deported from the ghetto to Treblinka and murdered. In response, the remaining Jews began building bunkers and smuggling weapons and explosives into the ghetto. On January 18, 1943, when the Nazis began their second deportation of the Jews, the armed insurgency began. They fought with whatever they could smuggle into the ghetto: handguns, gasoline bottles and a few other weapons. They inflicted enough casualties on the Nazis that the deportation was halted within a few days. Only 5,000 Jews were removed, instead of the 8,000 planned. They knew from the start that the uprising was doomed. Most of the Jewish fighters did not expect to survive. Rather, they saw their resistance as a battle for their honor and a protest against the world's silence. Marek Edelman, one of the few survivors, said their inspiration to fight was "not to allow the Germans alone to pick the time and place of our deaths."

#workingclass #LaborHistory #holocaust #genocide #nazis #worldwartwo #uprising #warsaw #jews #antisemitism #ghetto #resistance #fascism #antifascism

Today in Labor History January 18, 1943: The start of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. In the summer of 1942, over a quarter million Jews were deported from the ghetto to Treblinka and murdered. In response, the remaining Jews began building bunkers and smuggling weapons and explosives into the ghetto. On January 18, 1943, when the Nazis began their second deportation of the Jews, the armed insurgency began. They fought with whatever they could smuggle into the ghetto: handguns, gasoline bottles and a few other weapons. They inflicted enough casualties on the Nazis that the deportation was halted within a few days. Only 5,000 Jews were removed, instead of the 8,000 planned. They knew from the start that the uprising was doomed. Most of the Jewish fighters did not expect to survive. Rather, they saw their resistance as a battle for their honor and a protest against the world's silence. Marek Edelman, one of the few survivors, said their inspiration to fight was "not to allow the Germans alone to pick the time and place of our deaths."

#workingclass #LaborHistory #holocaust #genocide #nazis #worldwartwo #uprising #warsaw #jews #antisemitism #ghetto #resistance #fascism #antifascism

Today in Labor History September 16, 1945: 43,000 oil workers went on strike in 20 states. During WWII, most of the major unions collaborated with the U.S. war effort by enforcing labor “discipline” and preventing strikes. In exchange, the U.S. government supported closed shop policies under which employers at unionized companies agreed to hire only union members. While the closed shop gave unions more power within a particular company, the no-strike policy made that power virtually meaningless. When the war ended, inflation soared and veterans flooded the labor market. As a result, frustrated workers began a series of wildcat strikes. Many grew into national, union-supported strikes. In November 1945, 225,000 UAW members went on strike. In January 1946, 174,000 electric workers struck. That same month, 750,000 steel workers joined them. Then, in April, the coal strike began. 250,000 railroad workers struck in May. In total, 4.3 million workers went on strike. It was the closest the U.S. came to a national General Strike in the 20th century. And in December 1946, Oakland, California did have a General Strike, the last in U.S. history. Overall, it was the largest strike wave in U.S. history. In 1947, Congress responded to the strike wave by enacting the Taft-Hartley Act, restricting the powers and activities of labor unions and banning the General Strike. The act is still in force today and one the main reasons there hasn’t been a General Strike in the U.S. since 1945.

#workingclass #LaborHistory#GeneralStrike #oakland #oilworkers #union #strike #strikewave #worldwartwo #tafthartley #uaw #coal #railroads #inflation #steel #wildcat

Today in Labor History September 16, 1945: 43,000 oil workers went on strike in 20 states. During WWII, most of the major unions collaborated with the U.S. war effort by enforcing labor “discipline” and preventing strikes. In exchange, the U.S. government supported closed shop policies under which employers at unionized companies agreed to hire only union members. While the closed shop gave unions more power within a particular company, the no-strike policy made that power virtually meaningless. When the war ended, inflation soared and veterans flooded the labor market. As a result, frustrated workers began a series of wildcat strikes. Many grew into national, union-supported strikes. In November 1945, 225,000 UAW members went on strike. In January 1946, 174,000 electric workers struck. That same month, 750,000 steel workers joined them. Then, in April, the coal strike began. 250,000 railroad workers struck in May. In total, 4.3 million workers went on strike. It was the closest the U.S. came to a national General Strike in the 20th century. And in December 1946, Oakland, California did have a General Strike, the last in U.S. history. Overall, it was the largest strike wave in U.S. history. In 1947, Congress responded to the strike wave by enacting the Taft-Hartley Act, restricting the powers and activities of labor unions and banning the General Strike. The act is still in force today and one the main reasons there hasn’t been a General Strike in the U.S. since 1945.

#workingclass #LaborHistory#GeneralStrike #oakland #oilworkers #union #strike #strikewave #worldwartwo #tafthartley #uaw #coal #railroads #inflation #steel #wildcat

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Today in Labor History July 21, 1921: Hundreds of antifascist activists chased off 600 fascists in Sarzana, Italy, who were trying to free several a fascist squad from prison, after they opened fire. Led by the anti-fascist Arditi del Popolo, the people chased the fascists into the neighboring hills, killing 18 of them. Sarzana continued to be a center of partisan resistance to fascism during World War Two.

#workingclass #LaborHistory #fascism #antifa #antifascism #italy #prison #worldwartwo

Today in Labor History July 21, 1921: Hundreds of antifascist activists chased off 600 fascists in Sarzana, Italy, who were trying to free several a fascist squad from prison, after they opened fire. Led by the anti-fascist Arditi del Popolo, the people chased the fascists into the neighboring hills, killing 18 of them. Sarzana continued to be a center of partisan resistance to fascism during World War Two.

#workingclass #LaborHistory #fascism #antifa #antifascism #italy #prison #worldwartwo