Very interesting proposal:
"Between these worlds [academia and industry] lies a growing population of practitioners, independent scholars, citizen scientists, individuals working at the intersection of art and science, and retired researchers, who—despite losing formal institutional affiliation—retain deep domain expertise and a continued drive to develop new research ideas. "
Third spaces for science: reimagining research beyond academia and industry:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223626000925?via%3Dihub