Appeal court says detention of Miranda was lawful but clause under which he was held is incompatible with European human rights convention

I, like most, enjoy a good night’s sleep (especially after a long day spent debunking unsubstantiated claims). The question is, how many hours of shut-eye should we be getting each night? The NHS Choices website claimed that "Sleeping less can make you weigh more! Studies have shown that people who sleep less than seven hours a day are 30% more likely to be obese than those who get nine hours or more of sleep". I wanted to know what was the evidence behind this claim, so I contacted NHS Choices.  A Subject Matter Expert (SME) at NHS choices kindly directed me to two articles on this subject, here and here. “Great!” I thought, “who doesn't enjoy data?” But after reading these articles I found no evidence to support the specific claim made on the NHS choices website, so I asked again. I received a second email directing me to another study, but again, the evidence did not support the claim that had been made. We also checked with Prof. Jim Horne, an expert in sleep research from Loughborough University, who agreed that the claim above was not robust.  Digging a little deeper, I discovered that several studies have found links between sleep duration and obesity, so there may be an element of truth behind the claim made by NHS choices. But remember that correlation does not imply causation, so we don't know if less sleep increases the risk of obesity, or if obesity causes people to sleep less, or if something else (a confounding factor) is affecting both sleep and obesity simultaneously. This is a good example of when there is a lot of uncertainty in the evidence, so it's generally not a good idea to make very specific claims as they can have unforeseen consequences. I wonder if anyone has chosen sleep over exercise based on the claim in question?  Professor Richard Wiseman, Professor of the Public Understanding of Psychology at the University of Hertfordshire, commented that:  “Although the wording on the NHS site could have been more nuanced, the NHS were fundamentally correct in their health message. There are several studies showing that sleep deficit causes a significant increase in appetite, especially for high-calorie foods (accessible review of this work). In addition, several large-scale studies have shown strong correlations between short sleep and obesity, with one review of 11 longitudinal studies involving children and adolescents, reporting that those 'sleeping for short duration had twice the risk of being overweight/obese, compared with subjects sleeping for long duration’ and that this 'provides evidence that short sleep duration in young subjects is significantly associated with future overweight/obesity.’  In short, strong evidence that not obtaining required amounts of sleep can indeed result in an increased risk of weight loss. Unfortunately this evidence and messaging was not referenced in the original Ask For Evidence blog post, and some other sites linked to the blog with headlines (e.g., 'Debullshitifying the "sleep science" industry: first up, sleeplessness and obesity') that gave the mistaken impression that there is no link between sleep deficit and weight gain."  I shared this with the SME at NHS Choices and they agreed to remove this claim from the website. Hurrah! It’s great that NHS Choices are so open to updating its advice – as we’ve seen before when it corrected advice about washing reusable nappies in bio washing liquid. Medicine should be evidence-based and that evidence changes over time so its advice and guidance needs to be updated accordingly. I’ll definitely sleep a little better knowing I’ve made a small bit of difference. Another win for the Ask For Evidence campaign!    This Ask for Evidence story was written by Ben Ashby, an Ask for Evidence Ambassador

When he was assassinated in 1968, King was in the midst of waging a radical campaign against economic inequality and protesting the Vietnam War.