The most accurate carotid artery model to date — the first to capture both the soft, low-pressure behavior and the stiff, high-pressure response of the vessel.

Built on the same principles as Fung’s law, but improved: our 2014 α–β framework fits strain energy first, then derives pressure — like how F = dE/dx gives the force in a spring. Here E is the strain energy — the quantity Fung’s law was originally built around. Strain energy is differentiated to give force, and in the fits below that force corresponds to pressure.

The 1987 plot below (Fung-type) fits well only at high pressures; the 2019 plot fits low pressures. Ours is the first to capture both perfectly.

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