In his soon-to-be-released book Vaporware, Inc, political scientist David Karpf argues that Silicon Valley is no longer in the business of inventing new technologies, building new products, or engineering new “solutions.” “All tech companies,” he correctly observes, “have become, to various extents, speculative finance companies” – that’s what the over-reliance on venture capital has wrought; that’s what happens when what matters is no longer profitability (or sustainability of any sort) as much