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2/ Footnote on the terminology problem.

You've probably heard me say many times that the term "gold OA" original referred to #OpenAccess delivered by #journals, regardless of the journal's business model, as opposed to "green OA", which was delivered by repositories. Hence, gold OA could charge #APCs or not charge APCs. What we now call #DiamondOA was a species of #GoldOA.

But the term has definitely drifted and now most people use it to refer only to APC-based OA and to exclude no-APC or diamond OA. I don't like this drift, and I fought it, in part because it invited misinterpretation of early writings about OA. But I accept the drift because it's a fact of current usage. For more on this drift, see my 2021 Twitter thread.
x.com/petersuber/status/137981

In its report Springer Nature uses "gold OA" in the new sense, and I use the term in the same sense when discussing the report. Normally, to avoid ambiguity and confusion, I don't use the term at all.

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