Postgres depends on SysV IPC for synchronisation. The OCI spec says that this should be enabled by default and scoped to the jail for FreeBSD containers, but it isn’t yet in ocijail and you need to tweak the docker compose thing to enable it.
Note: I am not sure if this is easy with a Linux container because the key that controls this might be scoped for FreeBSD, but hopefully Podman just passes it to ocijail. If it doesn’t work, there’s an open issue about this on the ocijail repo that has a work around using a jail creation hook thingy.