Hivemind to the rescue!
I've got two NOIP1SN0300A (aka Python 300) sensor from OnSemi and they both have this fixed noise pattern in the image. It's not in the test pattern, so I suspect something in the analog config.
The full description of the registers is only available with an NDA, but I found a driver on GitHub that has the initialization sequences (albeit without much explanation.)
Does anyone have more information on that sensor or maybe even access to the documentation?