@Karen5Lund
Yes we absolutely can judge people from 1000 years ago through modern standards. I'm not sure why people believe that you can't?
1000 years from now, someone is going to say how racist Trump was back in 2026, but that you can't judge people from 1000 years ago. And 1000 years from now, someone like me is going to tell that person that you absolutely can judge people from 1000 years ago, and that people in 2026 knew that racism was wrong, just like people in 3026 do.
[CW: discussion of Sexual Assault]
For example, SA was a severely dishonorable crime in ancient Norse culture, as it is today. But they considered raiding parties outside the bounds of law, and considered slaves to have no bodily autonomy, just as people do today. They knew that it was wrong, and they did it anyway, as people who think they are outside the reach of society's laws, do today. There were vikings that opposed the form of slavery practiced in their society. Etc.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282398598_Rape_in_the_Icelandic_Sagas_An_Insight_in_the_Perceptions_about_Sexual_Assaults_on_Women_in_the_Old_Norse_World