Noticed some servers had a recent spike in the remote media attachment cache. My best guess is that it's related to https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/issues/37359. What I could identify matches the reported issue.
For most servers, this self-resolves: Masto.host clears remote media cache after 7 days, so usage returns to normal once it expires. Alternatively, setting Public Timelines to "Authenticated users only" (Administration -> Server Settings -> Discovery) can reduce the crawl surface (but not fully stop it).