As Roy Lilley (NHSManagers.net) points out:
'The UK has around 2.5 hospital beds per 1,000 population. Across much of Western Europe & the OECD, the figure is typically between four & eight. Germany; eight beds per 1,000, France around six, Italy three & a half'.
Driven by ideas from Just-in-Time manufacturing the NHS has little spare capacity even before any surges. The winter crisis is not seasonal its a symptom of a service with too little slack being run on mistaken grounds!