Figure 2. The state space comprises three dimensions: the degree to which reinstatement is driven by a hippocampal mechanism (Hippocampal; weak to strong); the degree to which reinstatement is driven by a nonhippocampal mechanism (Nonhippocampal; weak to strong); and the degree to which reinstatement is episodically speci c (Speci city; low to high).

Figure 1. A modal neurocognitive model of episodic retrieval and systems consolidation. (A) When experiencing an event, a distributed pattern of activity occurs along neocortical processing pathways (pathways shown here are intentionally ‘generic’ but could map to ventral and dorsal visual pathways as well as other sensory processing pathways; e.g., auditory). These pathways converge on the hippocampus and are bound into a memory trace allowing for their retrieval later in time. At encoding, all neocortical representations are active, forming a new hippocampal memory trace. At retrieval, a subset of neocor- tical representations will be active, allowing for the retrieval of the hippocampal memory trace and subsequent reinstatement of the remaining neocortical representations. (B) Over time, connections between neocortical regions form, allowing for their retrieval without the involvement of the hippocampus. Blue lines indicate pre-existing connections/representations; yellow lines indicate newly formed connections/representations; grey lines indicate previously formed connections that have weakened.