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The regular expression language is relatively small and restricted, so not all possible string processing tasks can be done using regular expressions.

in fact regex itself can only perform matching. matching html with regex is not very far from performing the complex stateful substitutions that are commonplace with classical regex APIs

Python supports several of Perl’s extensions and adds an extension syntax to Perl’s extension syntax. If the first character after the question mark is a P, you know that it’s an extension that’s specific to Python.

this is useful info that i was not aware of and is also illustrative of how innovation works in the regex ecosystem