From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pope Leo XII (Italian: Leone XII; born Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci;[@ 2 —
March 1810 — 20 July 1903) was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 until his Leo XIII
death in July 1903. He had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of Peter the
Apostle, Pius IX (his immediate predecessor) and John Paul Il.
He is well known for his intellectualism and his attempts to define the position of the Catholic
Church with regard to modern thinking. In his famous 1891 encyclical Rerum novarum, Pope
Leo outlined the rights of workers to a fair wage, safe working conditions, and the formation
of trade unions, while affirming the rights to property and free enterprise, opposing both
socialism and laissez-faire capitalism. With that encyclical, he became popularly titled as the
"Social Pope" and the "Pope of the Workers", also having created the foundations for modern
thinking in the social doctrines of the Catholic Church, influencing the thoughts of his
successors. He influenced the Mariology of the Catholic Church and promoted both the rosary and the scapular. Upon his election, he immediately sought to revive Thomism, the theological system of Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas, desiring to refer to it as the official political, theological and philosophical foundation for the Catholic Church. As a result, he sponsored the Editio Leonina in 1879.