"To identify which cultural values differ most across the in our sample of 640,110 individuals from 117 countries, we compute the Cultural Fixation Index (CF), which is commonly used to measure cultural diversity and differentiation. It is adapted from the genetic Fixation index (F), which compares the genetic variability within and between any populations. The CF st ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 corresponds to the lowest diversity, indicating that the cultural variations across examined populations are identical and 1 indicates the highest diversity, where the populations do not share any cultural traits. We extend beyond standard usage in three respects: We compute the CF for each cultural value separately, allow the population to comprise either countries or sub-national districts, and treat the CF as a measure of the total existing between-population variance for each cultural trait."

"Fig. 1. CF st across countries. Note: The left panels show the diversity measured using the CF st score across countries for the full sample, which includes 599,313 respondents from 117 countries for Personal values, 640,110 respondents from 117 countries for Child qualities, 344,149 respondents from 100 countries for Membership, and 321,507 respondents from 101 countries for Active membership. The right panels show the diversity measured using the CF st score across countries for each birth cohort, with 502,666 respondents from 85 countries for Personal values, 535,540 respondents from 87 countries for Child qualities, 260,688 respondents from 64 countries for Membership, and 231,417 respondents from 59 countries for Active membership. Code to reproduce the figure is provided in Harvard Dataverse." "Result: Religiosity exhibits greater cross-country diversity compared to other cultural values. This pattern has remained consistent for the past 100 years."