There are finally real USB3 (not Thunderbolt, not USB4 PCIe Tunneling) 10GbE NICs!
RTL8159 chipset-based, it uses the generic cdc_ncm driver on Linux.
Also seems to work on macOS and iOS.
TCP throughput between GPD Pocket 4 and MacBook Pro M1 seems a bit low at ~6.2 GBit/s, but that might also be due to the connected devices (both sides are using the same adapter).
I don't have another 10GBit/s device here right now, sorry.
Don't have a USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 device, so I can't test the full speed!
iperf3, showing 6.2 Gbit/s of TCP throughput
macOS USB system info dialog, showing 10GBit/s device
Metal-case USB-C to RJ45 Ethernet adapter, "Xikestor 10G network adapter" written on it