Zionists believed Jews had to be transplanted in order to be redeemed. Uri Avnery wrote, “Zionist literature, taught to every Jewish child in Palestine, depicted Jewish life in Eastern Europe as despicable, the whole tradition and folklore of the ghetto as cowardly, crooked, parasitical.”5 He noted that Jews were “depicted in Zionist schoolbooks in a way rather reminiscent of anti-Semitic literature,”6 and because of this, Israelis consider themselves “vastly superior” to diaspora Jews, “treating them at best with a paternalistic, rather colonial attitude.”7 Yehezkel Kaufman, professor of Bible studies at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, wrote that Jewish nationalism was built “on a foundation of anti-Semitism.” It blamed Jews themselves for their misfortunes and said they deserved to be hated. To shed their iniquities they had to leave the diaspora and become a nation and a people like all others. “The poison which flows from Jewish nationalist sources,” wrote Kaufman, “is perhaps the most dangerous of them all.”8 [paragraph deleted to make room] He noted that every nation has its diaspora—those who emigrated—yet “none are considered slaves and dogs except the Jews—and by themselves.”10 He wrote, “Many Zionists . . . are completely convinced that in order to become ‘good Zionists’ we must first become ‘good anti-Semites,’ that we must first hate ourselves.” 11