Litmus test:

"#OilAndGas firms could be allowed to enter into a contract associated with a future commitment to carbon removals, posting collateral with a secure intermediary that would only be paid back if the removal is successfully delivered.

“Such a contract would be an important proof of concept,” he said. “[If] this contract would not be accepted in the market, this would reveal that most of the cost reduction expectations are probably too optimistic.” "

https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/02/21/eu-must-not-slow-climate-action-on-hopes-of-future-carbon-removals-top-climate-advisor-war
#CCS