5/
Prior to the Web, if you wanted to publish something you created and reach a mass audience or a community — most of the time you would have to go through the TV industry, the film industry, the radio industry, or the newspaper industry.
These were the Gate-Keepers of the time.
In practice, only those with wealth or power were able to get permission from these Gate-Keepers.
For most of the people in the world — this wasn't an option
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